AmblyoPlay-based multimodal visual therapy in pediatric anisometropic amblyopia: a pilot study of visual, oculomotor and sensorimotor outcomes
BMC Ophthalmology, cilt.25, sa.1, 2025 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 25 Sayı: 1
- Basım Tarihi: 2025
- Doi Numarası: 10.1186/s12886-025-04481-2
- Dergi Adı: BMC Ophthalmology
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, CINAHL, MEDLINE, Directory of Open Access Journals
- Anahtar Kelimeler: AmblyoPlay, Anisometropic amblyopia, Balance, Dichoptic therapy, Hand-eye coordination, Oculomotor function
- Açık Arşiv Koleksiyonu: AVESİS Açık Erişim Koleksiyonu
- İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Background: This pilot exploratory study aimed to assess the impact of a 6-month app-based multimodal visual therapy program (AmblyoPlay®) on visual acuity (VA), stereopsis, oculomotor control, motor proficiency, and postural stability in children with anisometropic amblyopia. Methods: This study, non-randomized controlled study included 29 children aged 7–13 years. Group I (n = 14) had anisometropic amblyopia and performed daily 20-minute gamified dichoptic therapy using AmblyoPlay® for 6 months. Group II (n = 15) were age- and sex-matched typically developing controls without intervention. Assessments included VA (LogMAR), stereopsis (Titmus Fly), oculomotor parameters (saccadic latency, smooth pursuit gain, optokinetic gain), motor proficiency (BOT-2 subtests), and postural stability (Sensory Organization Test). Group I was evaluated at baseline, 1, 3, and 6 months; controls at baseline and 6 months. Friedman and Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were used for within-group comparisons; Mann–Whitney U tests for between-group differences. Results: In Group I, amblyopic eye LogMAR VA improved from 0.23 ± 0.10 to 0.08 ± 0.05 at 6 months (p < 0.001), and stereopsis improved from 494.3 ± 874.5 to 60.7 ± 28.9 arcsec (p < 0.001). Significant reductions in saccadic latency and increases in smooth pursuit and optokinetic gains were observed (all p < 0.05). Motor proficiency and postural stability composite scores also improved significantly (p < 0.05). No significant changes occurred in controls. Conclusions: AmblyoPlay-based multimodal visual therapy led to significant improvements in visual and oculomotor function, with secondary benefits in motor coordination and balance, in pediatric anisometropic amblyopia. Trial registration: Not applicable.