Adaptation of the Caregiver Version of the Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS) into Turkish and Investigation of Its Reliability and Validity in Parkinson’s Disease
Noropsikiyatri Arsivi, cilt.63, ss.101-107, 2026 (SCI-Expanded, Scopus, TRDizin)
- Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
- Cilt numarası: 63
- Basım Tarihi: 2026
- Doi Numarası: 10.29399/npa.29079
- Dergi Adı: Noropsikiyatri Arsivi
- Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED), Scopus, CINAHL, EMBASE, Psycinfo, TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
- Sayfa Sayıları: ss.101-107
- Anahtar Kelimeler: Apathy, Parkinson disease, reliability, validity
- İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet
Özet
Objective: Our study aimed to adapt the caregiver version of the Starkstein Apathy Scale (SAS) to Turkish culture and examine its validity and reliability. Method: 45 patients were diagnosed with Parkinson’s Disease (PD), and 40 healthy individuals and their relatives participated in the study. The questions were changed from first-person to third-person statements without any changes. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed for construct validity in the validity analysis. Discriminant validity was performed with a healthy control group. The relationship with the Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) apathy subtest was examined for criterion-dependent validity analysis. In the reliability analysis of the scale, Cronbach’s alpha internal consistency analysis was performed. A Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted to determine the cut-off value of the scale. Results: During the validity and reliability studies, it was observed that items 3 and 13 were incompatible with other factors, reduced the model fit, and were removed from the scale due to low internal consistency. In the analysis with 12 items, a three-factor structure was obtained as ‘motivation’, ‘behavioral’, and ‘cognitive’. In confirmatory factor analysis, the fit values of the scale were Comparative Fit Index (CFI) =1.000, Normed Fit Index (NFI) = 0.963, and Root Mean Square Error Approximation (RMSEA)= 0.000. Consequently, the study, the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient of the scale was found to be 0.84. The discriminant validity analysis found a difference between the clinical and control groups. A positive correlation was found with the NPI Apathy subscale used for criterion-dependent validity. A cut-off value of 11 points with a sensitivity of 71.15% and specificity of 95% was recommended for 12 items. Conclusion: Our study showed that the SAS Caregiver is a valid and reliable scale for PD patients and can be utilized in clinical and scientific studies.