FAİZSİZ FİNANS DÖNGÜSÜNÜ OLUŞTURMA AÇISINDAN ADİL EKONOMİK DÜZEN SÖYLEMİNİN KREDİLEŞME İLKELERİ VE UYGULANABİLİRLİĞİNİN DEĞERLENDİRİLMESİ


DURAN S., KESKİN İ.

Turkish Studies (Elektronik), cilt.12, sa.8, ss.109-132, 2017 (Hakemli Dergi) identifier

  • Yayın Türü: Makale / Tam Makale
  • Cilt numarası: 12 Sayı: 8
  • Basım Tarihi: 2017
  • Dergi Adı: Turkish Studies (Elektronik)
  • Derginin Tarandığı İndeksler: TR DİZİN (ULAKBİM)
  • Sayfa Sayıları: ss.109-132
  • İstanbul Medipol Üniversitesi Adresli: Evet

Özet

1980'ler itibariyle Türkiye'de Milli Görüş geleneğinin temsilcisi olan Refah Partisinin ekonomik sisteme dair çözüm önerisi bağlamında ortaya çıkan Adil Ekonomik Düzen söylemi, faizsiz bir sistem öngörüsünde bulunmuştur. 1990'lı yıllarda popüler olan bu söylem, toplum nezdinde de karşılık bulmuş ve ciddi bir siyasi başarı kazanmıştır. Adil Ekonomik Düzen, gelir dağılımı adaletsizliği, işsizlik, enflasyon, tüketim ekonomisi gibi temel problemlere ana sebep olarak faizi göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla faizin olmadığı bir ekonomik sistemde bu sorunların çok daha adil bir şekilde çözümlenebileceğini iddia etmiştir Bu iddiasını çok kısa süren bir iktidar döneminde hayata geçirme girişiminde bulunmuş fakat devamını getirebilecek bir süre iktidarda kalamamıştır. Adil Ekonomik Düzen, genel olarak; devlete biçilen rol, para, vergilendirme sistemi, kredi esasları ve ortaklık, üretim ve ihracat, enflasyon, işsizlik ve sosyal güvenlik esasları gibi konular üzerinde durmaktadır. Bu çalışmada ele alınacağı üzere adil ekonomik düzenin faizsiz kaynak oluşturma bağlamında öne sürdüğü kredileşme ilkeleri ve bunların uygulanabilirliği tartışılmıştır. Çalışmada ortaya konan ilkelerin kurumsallaşmanın oluşmasıyla uygulanabileceği kanaatine varılmıştır. Adil Ekonomik Düzende 7 türlü faizsiz kredi imkânı vardır ve enflasyona sebebiyet vermez. Bunlar ortaklıklar, Hakkı Müktesep Karşılığı Kredi, Emek Karşılığı Kredi, Rehin Karşılığı Kredi, Ödenmiş Vergi Karşılığı Kredi, Yatırım Projesi Karşılığı Kredi, Selem Senedi Karşılığı Kredi olarak sıralanmaktadır
Interest is the most important cost that the capitalist economicsystem brings to society. Interest, which is an important instrument ineconomic imbalance, generally works on debts. One of the mostimportant elements in the economy grows. Growth which is accepted asone of the most basic elements of an economy depends on the increasein production, and the increase in production also depends oninvestments. Investments are provided through savings. The use of thesesavings in the capitalist system is at an interest rate, but the fact thatthe investment is not efficient does not significantly affect the savingsproviders. When savings are used on inefficient investments, they will becharged even if they do not produce the desired output. In other words,the promised interest without regard to production is taken as the ownerof the savings. This leads to distortions in the economy, especially in thecase of income injustice. A system where there is no interest in theeconomy has been discussed since the past. Even J.M.Keynes, known asKeynesian economic pioneer, points out that the point where interest iszero is an ideal economy, while those who internalize the capitalisteconomic system think that interest cannot be independent of theeconomy. The most important studies emphasizing that interest interestfreeeconomy can be seen in the field of Islamic economics. However, interms of being an alternative to the capitalist system nowadays, anaccepted interest-free system applied worldwide has not becomewidespread. Even Malaysia, Indonesia, and some Arab countries whosedomestic economic policies have partially lost interest on a local basis,have not been able to create a fully interest-free system because of theirintegration into the capitalist system in the global context. The FairEconomic Order discourse, which emerged in the context of the solutionproposal for the economic system of the Refah Party, which isrepresentative of the Islamic View tradition in Turkey in the 1980s, waspredicated on an interest-free system. This discourse, which was popularin the 1990s, has received a response to the society and has gained aserious political success. The Fair Economic Order has shown interest asthe main reason for basic problems such as income distributioninequality, unemployment, inflation, consumption economy. So heclaimed that these problems could be solved in a fairer way in aneconomic system where there is no interest. He attempted to make aliving in a very short period of power, but he did not stay in power for along time. The Fair Economic Order generally focuses on the role of state,money, taxation system, principles of credit and partnership, productionand export, inflation, unemployment and social security. As will bediscussed in this study, the principles of lending and the applicability ofthe fair economic order in the context of making interest-free resourceswill be discussed. In the Fair Economic Order there are 7 types ofinterest-free loans and they do not cause inflation. These are listed as partnerships, Mortgage Corresponding Loans, Labor Loans, PledgeLoans, Paid Tax Loans, Investment Project Loans, Order Stock Loans Interest is the most important cost that the capitalist economicsystem brings to society. Interest, which is an important instrument ineconomic imbalances, generally works on debts, that is, on loans. One ofthe most basic elements of an economy is the increase in production,which is considered to be one of growth, and the increase in productionis also dependent on investments. Investments are provided throughsavings. In the capitalist system, the use of these savings is provided atan interest rate, and the fact that the investment is efficient is notimportant for saving owners. When saving is used in inefficientinvestments, it will interest you whether or not the expected productionis available. In other words, the promised interest without regard toproduction is taken as the owner of the savings. This leads to distortionsin the economy, especially in the case of income injustice. A system inwhich there is no interest in the economy has been discussed since thepast. Even J.M.Keynes, known as Keynesian economic pioneer, pointsout that the point where interest is zero is an ideal economy, while thosewho internalize the capitalist economic system think that interest can notbe independent of the economy. The most important work thatemphasizes that interest should not be in the economy is in the field ofIslamic economics. However, in terms of being an alternative to thecapitalist system nowadays, an accepted interest-free system appliedworldwide has not become widespread. Malaysia, Indonesia, and Arabcountries have not been able to create a fully interest-free system becauseof their integration into the capitalist system in the global context, evenif the domestic economic policies do not have partial interest on a localbasis. The Fair Economic Order discourse, which emerged in the contextof the solution proposal for the economic system of the Refah Party, whichis representative of the Milli Görüş tradition in Turkey in the 1980s, waspredicated on an interest-free system. This discourse, which was popularin the 1990s, has received a response in the society and has achieved aserious political success. The Fair Economic Order has shown interestas the main reason for basic problems such as income distributioninequality, unemployment, inflation, consumption economy. Therefore,he argued that these problems could be solved more fairly in an economicsystem where there is no interest. He attempted to make a living in a veryshort period of power, but he did not stay in power for a long time. TheFair Economic Order, in general; The role of the state, money, taxationsystem, principles of credit and partnership, production and export,in